How to make a 3D print?

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Create or download a 3D model
3. Choosing a 3D printing technology
4. Selecting the right material
5. Prepare the file for printing
6. 3D printing process
7. Post-processing of the printed object
8. Conclusion
9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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1. Introduction

3D printing has opened up a world of possibilities for creators and enthusiasts alike. From making your own tools to creating art, this technology allows you to materialize your ideas with ease. But how do you make a 3D print from scratch? Here we take you step-by-step through the entire process.

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2. Create or download a 3D model

The first step to be able to 3D print is to have a digital 3D model in .stl or .obj format. To obtain this model, you have two options available, you can either model it yourself in 3D or download an existing model:

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a) 3D modeling software

To design your own 3D models, you can use a variety of modeling software tools. Three prominent options are Tinkercad, Blender and Fusion 360.

• Tinkercad: It is a free online tool, ideal for beginners. Its intuitive and easy-to-use interface allows new users to create simple and complex 3D models without previous experience.
• Blender: This is a free and open source software that offers a full range of 3D modeling, animation, simulation and rendering tools. It is suitable for advanced users due to its broad functionality and steeper learning curve.
• Fusion 360: It is a 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk. Fusion 360 combines industrial and mechanical design, simulation, collaboration and machining in a single platform. It is ideal for both professionals and advanced users looking for a more robust and complete tool.

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b) 3D modeling platforms

If you prefer not to design your models from scratch, you can download ready-made models from various online platforms. Some of the most popular ones include:

• ThingiverseThingiverse: One of the largest 3D model sharing communities. Here you will find a wide variety of free models, from toys and tools to decorations and functional parts. The models are sorted by category, making it easy to find what you need.
• MyMiniFactory: This platform offers a curated collection of high quality 3D models. Each model is verified to ensure that it is 3D printable, which guarantees a higher success rate when printing. MyMiniFactory also allows designers to sell their models, which can offer you unique and exclusive options.
• Cults3DSimilar to MyMiniFactory, Cults3D provides a mix of free and paid models. The platform has an active community of designers and users who share their creations. In addition, Cults3D offers contests and challenges that encourage creativity and innovation in 3D design.

With these tools and resources, you have everything you need to start exploring the world of 3D modeling, either by designing your own creations or downloading models made by others.

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3. Choosing a 3D printing technology

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FDM filament printing

Filament printing is the most popular due to its low cost and ease of use. They use plastic filaments such as PLA or ABS that are melted and deposited layer by layer. They are ideal for models larger than 10x10x10cm.

Resin Printing

Resin prints use a liquid raw material that is solidified with a laser. They are suitable for smaller sized parts that need high resolution and fine details. The cost of a Resin 3D print is usually more expensive.

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4. Select the right material

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Choosing the right material is crucial to get the best results in your 3D printing projects. Material selection depends on the final application of the part. For all 3D printing technologies, there is a wide variety of materials with different characteristics that suit various end uses. Some of the most common materials and their characteristics are described below:

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- PLA : PLA is one of the most popular materials for 3D printing, especially among beginners. It is easy to use due to its low extrusion temperature and minimal tendency to deform. In addition, PLA is biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly option. It is ideal for simple projects that will not be subjected to high stresses or elevated temperatures.

- ABS : ABS is known for its strength and durability. This material is suitable for functional parts that need to withstand more stress and use, such as mechanical components, automotive parts and electronic device housings. However, ABS requires a higher extrusion temperature and is prone to warping if a heated print bed and enclosed printer are not used.

- Nylon with carbon fiber: Nylon with carbon fiber is a composite material that combines the flexibility and durability of nylon with the stiffness and strength of carbon fiber. This material is ideal for applications requiring strong, lightweight and wear-resistant parts, such as high-performance mechanical components, drone parts and structural elements in engineering.

- Resin: Resin, used in Stereolithography printers, offers extremely fine details and a smooth surface, making it ideal for detailed models and high precision prototypes. It is commonly used in jewelry, dentistry and the creation of miniatures. Unlike PLA and ABS, the resin is cured with UV light, allowing for superior precision and finish quality.

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5. Prepare the file for printing

Use of slicing software

Slicing software, such as Simplify, Cura or PrusaSlicer, is critical in the 3D printing process, as it converts your STL file into a format that the printer can understand. This process is called "slicing" and generates a G-code file that contains the specific instructions for the printer. During slicing, you can adjust various parameters, such as the orientation of the model, the type of fill, and whether you want to add supports for protruding parts. Correct settings at this stage can significantly influence print quality and printing time.

Printer configuration

Before sending the file to the printer, it is crucial to adjust the print parameters in the slicing software. These include:

• Extruder temperature: Depending on the material you are using (PLA, ABS, Nylon, etc.), you will have to set the right temperature to ensure proper extrusion and adhesion between layers.
• Print speed: Adjust the speed according to the type of printing. Higher speeds may reduce printing time, but may compromise quality.
• Layer height: Defines the level of detail of your print. Thinner layers (lower heights) offer better resolution, but increase printing time. Thicker layers are faster, but may show visible lines on the surface.
• Type of infill: You can select the pattern and density of the infill, which affects the strength and weight of the final piece. Higher infill increases durability, while lower infill reduces material usage and printing time.

Be sure to check all these parameters in the slicing software before you start printing, as each setting influences the final result. Good file preparation and proper printer settings are essential for successful printing.

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6. Printing process

After slicing your 3D model, you can send the G-code file to the 3D printer to start printing. Before starting, the printer must be properly calibrated and ready to start.

With filament 3D printers, the extruder will start printing with the first layer of your 3D model by continuously extruding molten plastic. The material, as it exits the extruder nozzle, cools rapidly and solidifies, providing robustness to the printed part.

Once all the layers of your 3D model have been superimposed and the object is completely built, the printing is finished. After a few minutes, the print bed will cool down and you can remove the 3D object from the printer.

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7. Post-processing of the printed object

Remove supports

Once the impression is complete, it is important to remove the supports generated during the impression. These supports are used to support parts of the model that protrude and could deform without a support point. To remove them, tools such as tweezers or small pliers are used, taking care not to damage the main part. It is advisable to do it delicately to avoid breaking delicate parts of the model.

Sanding and painting

To achieve a more professional finish, it is helpful to sand the rough surfaces of the object. Use fine grit sandpaper and sand gently until the surface is smooth. This process not only improves the appearance, but also allows the paint to adhere better.

If you wish to paint the object, be sure to apply a primer beforehand to improve the adhesion of the paint. Use spray paint or brushes, depending on the level of detail required. Let dry well between coats and apply a sealer to protect the finish and give it durability. This will give your piece a more polished and professional final look.

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8. Conclusion

3D printing is a fascinating and accessible technology that allows you to bring your ideas to life. These are the steps we follow every day at Trideo in order to materialize your projects. We have many printers in different production centers in different countries.

If you have any questions, remember to visit our website https://www.trideo3d.com/factory-3d and send us a message so we can help you with your 3D project.

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9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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What materials can be used in FDM 3D printing?

• The most common materials are PLA, ABS, PETG, TPU and Nylon, although there are many other specialized filaments.

What is the difference between PLA and ABS?

• PLA is biodegradable and easier to print, ideal for beginners. ABS is stronger and more durable, but requires a hot bed and can emit fumes during printing.

What is layer thickness and how does it affect printing?

• Layer thickness is the height of each layer of filament deposited. Thinner layers produce greater detail and a smoother finish, but increase printing time.

How much does 3D printing cost?

• The price of a 3D print can vary considerably depending on the size, quantity, materials, among other factors. We invite you to read our article on this subject: How much does a 3D printing cost?

What are brackets and when are they necessary?

• Supports are temporary structures that support the parts of the model that protrude and are unsupported during printing. They are necessary for printing complex or protruding geometries.

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