Complete Guide to Layer Height in 3D Printing

Table of contents

  1. What are layers in 3D printing?
  2. Why is it important to choose the correct layer height?
  3. Key factors in choosing the ideal layer height
  4. Common layer heights and their applications
  5. Conclusion
     

What are layers in 3D printing?

 

3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that builds objects layer by layer. These layers are thin horizontal sections of material that are placed on top of each other to give shape to the digital design.

 

The process begins with a 3D model created in computer-aided design (CAD) software. This model is divided into hundreds or thousands of layers through a program known as a slicer. The printer follows these instructions to deposit material, usually molten plastic such as PLA, ABS or PETG, layer by layer, until the object is complete.

The layer height parameter dictates the thickness of each "thread" of material, and small changes in this setting can significantly affect the final result.

Why is it important to choose the correct layer height?

Choosing the right layer height is not just a technical detail; it has important implications on quality, print time, print object strength and of course, values.

Impact on visual quality

The finer the layer height, the smoother and more detailed the surface of the printed object. Conversely, a higher layer height may leave visible lines on the surface, which could be unaesthetic if a more refined finish is sought. This is especially noticeable on parts with complex geometries and steep angles. In particular, when part angles exceed 45 degrees, the layers become more evident. For this reason, in these cases it may be advisable to opt for a thinner layer height to minimize the staggered effect and achieve a more uniform finish.

Resolution comparison: in the upper image, high resolution (0.15 mm); in the lower image, standard resolution (0.25 mm).

Influence on printing time

3D prints that have lower layer heights require more passes of the printer to complete the model. For example, a print with a layer height of 0.1 mm can take twice or three times as long to complete as a print with a layer height of 0.3 mm. Therefore, time becomes a key factor when selecting this parameter, and higher layer heights will be prioritized when a large number of parts need to be produced in a short period of time.

Comparison of printing times with different layer heights.

Effect on structural strength

Thicker layers are usually stronger due to better interlayer fusion. This can be essential in functional parts that must withstand mechanical stresses. However, this rule does not always apply, since orientation and design also play an important role.

The impact of layer height on the price of 3D printing

Layer height has a direct influence on the costs of a 3D print. A thinner layer height means a higher number of layers to complete the part, resulting in longer printing times. This can increase costs by consuming more machine time and increasing wear and tear on equipment.

On the other hand, a larger layer height reduces printing time, which can make the process more economical. However, the cost savings must be balanced with the level of detail and quality of finish required for the project, as a larger layer height can compromise the aesthetics and functionality of the part. Therefore, it is important to find a balance between quality and budget according to the specific needs of each print.

Key factors in choosing the ideal layer height

Printer type and technology

The minimum layer height you can use depends on the capabilities of your printer. FDM printers usually work with layer heights between 0.1 mm and 0.6 mm, while SLA or resin printers can reach much finer details, up to 0.025 mm. In addition, if we are going to print large parts (e.g. larger than 400x400x400mm) we will opt for higher layer heights for printing time reasons. Printing large parts with fine resolution can sometimes take many days.

 

Difference in the finish of a small part printed with filament (FDM) and one with resin (SLA).

Purpose of the printed object :

  • Rapid prototyping: Use thick layers to save time.
  • Decorative objects: Opt for thinner coats for a smooth finish.
  • Functional parts: Prioritize structural strength and, therefore, use thicker layers.

Material used

Some materials, such as PLA, allow working with thin layers without problems. Others, such as carbon fiber composites, may require thicker layers to avoid printing problems.

Common layer heights for filament prints

 

Low heights (0.15-0.2 mm): high accuracy

These layers are ideal for detailed parts, such as figures or components that require a polished finish and with size up to 30x30x30cm. However, the printing time increases considerably.

Medium heights (0.25-0.35 mm): Versatility

Most printers use this configuration, as it offers a good balance between quality and time.

High heights (0.4 mm or more): Speed

For large parts or prototypes that do not require high precision, thick layers allow you to finish the job quickly.

Different layer heights from 0.5mm to 0.1mm and their visual impact.

Conclusion

Layer height is an essential aspect of 3D printing that affects the visual quality, production time and strength of objects. Finding the right balance depends on the purpose of your print, the material used and the capabilities of the printer. Experimenting and adjusting this parameter can make a big difference in the success of your projects.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is the ideal layer height for normal prints?
    A height of 0.25 mm is a good starting point because of its balance between quality and time.
  2. Can I change the layer height in the middle of a print?
    Yes, we can adjust heights per model section.
  3. What layer height should I use for decorative pieces?
    It will always depend on the size of your piece, for large pieces we can print layers up to 0.9mm high!
  4. Can I use thin layers with any nozzle?
    No, each nozzle size has a range of layer height that you can print. For example, for a 0.4mm nozzle, we will generally stay between 0.15mm and 0.3mm.

Laurent Rodriguez
18/12/2024

Related posts

LET'S PRINT TOGETHER?

Contact us